Researchers have developed a tent that harvests energy from its own motion ‪—‬ a process that could one day power small devices in shelters, disaster zones and off-grid camps.

The key lies in a material property known as "magnetoelasticity," which turns bending and stretching motion into electrical energy. Magnetoelasticity, first described in 1865 by physicist Emilio Villari, is the change in a material's magnetic flux density when mechanical stress is applied in the presence of an external magnetic field.

The design, described in a study published July 31 in the journal Matter, uses smart textile layers that respond to everyday movement in and around the tent, harvesting both environmental and biomechanical motions. Wind, a person shifting inside, or the fabric flexing during setup can all contribute to the energy output, making the shelter itself part of the power system.

The tent fabric acts as an energy harvester. When the material bends, stretches or flexes, its magnetic state changes, and that shift is converted into electrical energy through induction. The tent's floor incorporates magnetoelastic ribbons, while its roof is constructed as a layered architecture that integrates conductive fibers and magnetoelastic film.

In the study, the researchers reported that tapping a small sample of the magnetoelastic textile unit with a hand charged a 0.22-μF [microfarad] capacitor to 5.8 volts within 1.5 seconds. This is equivalent to the kind of charge you might see in a tiny timing or filter cap on a low‑power sensor node. While that's too little to power something like a smartphone, it demonstrates that even a small piece of the material can harvest energy.

Scientists have already shown that magnetoelastic devices can generate electricity from body movement, sound and other mechanical inputs, but the new study scaled this concept to larger fabric systems.

Primarily, the scientists envision it being used in places where electricity is limited, unreliable or unavailable, where even modest power generation can make a difference by powering LED lights, charging a phone or running a small heater.

The researchers also framed the design as a response to the impracticalities of existing portable shelters; they often need power, but generators require fuel, batteries add weight and maintenance, and solar panels depend on sunlight.

Unlike a solar setup, the tent does not need bright sun to function. Wind, handling and ordinary movement can contribute to the energy output, which means the system could keep collecting electricity even in shaded conditions or after dark, as long as the fabric continues to flex.

The scientists said this technology is not meant to run high-drain appliances. Instead, it targets low-power electronics, like microwaves or power tools. In that sense, in its current guise, the tent is a supplemental power source, not a replacement for grid electricity or a high-capacity battery pack.

Plenty of questions about the tent's durability remain unanswered. In future research, the scientists will need to prove how much electricity the tent can produce in real-world conditions, how durable the textile remains after repeated folding and weather exposure, and whether the design can be manufactured affordably at scale. But they said this prototype suggests a modest shelter could one day do more than keep a person dry.