Heat stress has become a critical challenge for occupational health, workplace safety, and productivity in Costa Rica. Although it is often immediately associated with outdoor labor under direct sunlight, this risk also directly impacts indoor spaces dealing with high temperatures.

Why is it a Latent Problem in the Country?

Due to Costa Rica’s tropical location, high temperatures and elevated relative humidity levels are constant throughout almost the entire year, extending beyond the dry season. The risk is triggered by the combination of environmental heat and internal heat generated by the human body during physical exertion.

• Most Exposed Outdoor Sectors: Agriculture, road and building construction, livestock farming, and fishing.
• Vulnerable Indoor Workspaces: Industrial kitchens, bakeries, glass or iron foundries, and areas with furnaces or other significant heat sources.

Prevention Framework and Regulations

To address this scenario, Costa Rica has specific legal tools, such as the regulation for the “Prevention and Protection of Workers Exposed to Heat Stress.” This normative framework establishes clear obligations for employers and classifies risk levels on a scale from I to IV:

• Levels I and II: Potential for fatigue, cramps, or exhaustion from prolonged exposure.
• Levels III and IV: High probability of sunstroke and severe heat stroke, which represent medical emergencies.

Key Mitigation Measures

To protect personnel well-being and comply with current regulations, organizations must implement strict occupational safety practices:

1. Constant Hydration: Continuous supply of drinking water and appropriate electrolyte beverages.
2. Rest Areas: Setting up temporary or permanent shaded spaces for thermal recovery.
3. Gradual Acclimatization: Allowing new workers or those returning from long absences to progressively increase their time working in the heat.
4. Appropriate Clothing: Use of lightweight, long-sleeved clothing with UV protection, wide-brimmed hats, and sunscreen.

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